The right to social health protection is not yet a universal reality. Despite laudable progress during the COVID-19 pandemic, coverage has stalled since 2020, highlighting important implementation gaps. With only a few years left to achieve the SDGs, the climate crisis is contributing to impact people's health, exacerbating existing socio-economic inequalities, which act as powerful determinants of health equity. The course focuses on addressing inequities in access to health care within the context of national social health protection systems, including floors. The course explores the significant role of social health protection in achieving universal health coverage (UHC) and universal social protection (USP) within the framework of the 2030 Agenda. Participants will explore global and national trends in coverage, gain insights into the ILO's guiding principles, and review real-world examples from countries around the world. We will assess various aspects of coverage extension, focusing on technical strategies and practical implementation options. It provides insights into sustainable financing mechanisms that promote equity and resource distribution, with a particular emphasis on pre-payment, risk pooling, and minimizing out-of-pocket expenses. Special attention will be given to strategies for reaching vulnerable and hard-to-reach populations, along with discussions on the scope of benefit packages and levels of financial protection.